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A |     需要说明的是，这并不是科学记者的夸张之词。         Officials and industry leaders highlight rising demand and deeper cooperation    Soybeans, carried as ballast on the return voyage from Asia to America some 200 years ago, have become a ballast of China-U.S. agricultural trade.     Susan Thornton, former acting U.S. assistant secretary of State for East Asian and Pacific Affairs, offered the historical footnote to a room where "ballast" had already become the word of the day.    "So that kind of makes this word ballast even more, I think, essential for our U.S.-China agricultural trade," she told the gathering, organized by the U.S. Soybean Export Council, or USSEC, during its annual Soy Connext conference held in Chicago on Friday.    The event drew U.S. and Chinese officials, U.S. soy industry leaders, and a Chinese delegation of traders and representatives from oil crushing, food and feed companies.    Chinese Consul General in Chicago Wang Baodong said soybeans have served for many years "as an important bridge in China-U.S. agricultural cooperation, and the soybean trade has been a ballast of the broader part for economic and trade relationship".    China is home to the world's largest market for agricultural products, he noted, and high-quality U.S. soybeans help meet rising demand from Chinese consumers while generating income and supporting jobs in U.S. farm communities.    Those were the good old days, Wang said, recalling that 2022 marked the highest level ever for U.S. agricultural and soybean exports to China. The good old days, he added, came to an abrupt halt last year.    "The U.S. government launched the tariff and trade war against China, and China was compelled to take necessary countermeasures, and as a result, soybean trade between our two countries was disrupted for a period of time, and American farmers became a victim and bore much of the cost, which was never an outcome China wished to see," he said.    "There are no winners in tariff and trade wars," Wang said. "As we see it, equality, mutual respect, and mutual benefit remain the right way for China and the U.S. to get along with each other and achieve win-win cooperation."    Wang also pointed to the opportunity for U.S. soy farmers. This year marks the beginning of China's 15th Five-Year Plan (2026-30) period, he said, with the country advancing high-quality development and high-standard opening-up while continuing to improve its business and investment environment.    Promising prospects    As living standards keep rising, he said, Chinese demand for agricultural products from around the world, including the United States, will continue to grow. The prospects for high-quality U.S. soybean exports to China, in his view, remain promising.    Cao Derong, president of the China Chamber of Commerce for Import and Export of Foodstuffs, Native Produce and Animal By-Products, or CFNA, echoed the view. "Economic and trade relations should continue to serve as the ballast and propeller of China-U.S. relations, not as barriers or flashpoints," Cao said in a video message.    The CFNA remains committed to maintaining and strengthening exchanges between the Chinese and U.S. soybean sectors, Cao said.    He said the chamber this year hosted a visiting U.S. soybean association delegation as well as representatives from the Indiana Soybean Alliance, and said he hoped to see dialogue between the two sides deepen further.    Mike McCranie, chair of USSEC, has watched that relationship grow alongside his own career. He first visited China in 1982 and raised his first soybeans 40 years ago.    "It has changed a lot since then. I have been to China five times, developing great relationships. I really value those relationships," he said.    Thornton described the trade as a "textbook case" of two economies growing into each other.    U.S. soybean yields have skyrocketed in recent decades on the back of technology and precision agriculture, she said, and that leap coincided with China's dramatic rise in living standards and a growing appetite for pork and poultry, which in turn drove the demand for livestock feed.    The United States and China operate two of the most complex food systems in the world, and she described them as highly complementary.    As major producers, consumers and traders of agricultural products, the two countries share a responsibility to ensure the global food supply remains stable, sustainable, high-quality and abundant, she said.                    。

B | 天文学家称这些系统为灾难性变星是一个恰当的描述。这个术语描述了一个白矮星和一个次级“正常”恒星的配对，前者是一颗曾经强大的恒星的密集残余物，后者跟太阳类似但质量可能较小。在这对组合的紧密轨道上，白矮星由于其极端的引力而从较大的恒星上吸走恒星物质。周三发表在《自然》上的新灾难性变量的发现其特点是一颗大小为太阳1/100的白矮星和一颗更大的恒星--约是太阳质量的10%并挤在一个木星大小的球体中。这对恒星距离地球约3000光年，其被标记为ZTF J1813+4251。它是在兹威基瞬变设施拍摄的图像中被发现，这是一项广域调查，其使用加州帕洛玛天文台的一台望远镜并依次拍摄数百张天空图像。

C | 兹威克瞬变设施目录使天文学家能寻找恒星亮度的快速变化。这就是研究人员发现这对奇特的星体的方式。“这是一个特殊的系统，”麻省理工学院的天体物理学家Kevin Burdge说道。

D | 他指出，这是已知的行为最优美的灾难性变数之一。Burdge和他的同事们搜索了茨威基的数据以试图在深黑的太空中找到灯塔。他们希望看到有规律的眨眼特征--Burdge通常在寻找快速的眨眼，这是因为它们往往是一对恒星快速运行的信号。研究小组看到ZTF J1813+4251每51分钟闪烁一次。据悉，这是其中一颗恒星从另一颗恒星前面经过并使其光线变暗。闪烁的时间跟迄今为止发现的灾难性变星的最短轨道相吻合。

E | 通过用夏威夷和西班牙的其他望远镜以及天基望远镜进行观测，这使得研究人员对恒星变得更加集中，并能更准确地测量它发出的光线。不过这引发了一个难题。

F | Burdge在一份新闻稿中指出：“有一颗恒星看起来像太阳，但是太阳无法进入一个短于8小时的轨道。”太阳的质量使它无法拥有如此紧密的轨道。那么为什么这颗木星大小的恒星会这样做呢？Burdge和研究小组已经确定的解释是，这颗白矮星一直在吞噬其伙伴星的一大块氢。这留下了一个更密集的氦气核心，而这有助于稳定紧密的轨道。简而言之，研究小组是在这一过程的中间阶段观察这对恒星的，当时白矮星已经剥去了大部分的氢。剥离后的白矮星留下了一个吸积盘，它像土星环一样围绕着核心。

G | “这是一个罕见的案例，我们在从氢到氦的吸积过程中抓住了其中的一个系统，”Burdge说道。

H | 在12亿颗恒星中，该算法挑出了我们迄今发现的最有趣的灾难性变数之一。这一幸运的发现有助于支持早先提出的关于大灾变体过渡到超短轨道的理论，该理论是在近四十年前提出的--现在我们知道这确实发生了。

I | 该小组还进行了模拟以确定ZTF J1813+4251的最终命运。他们预测，在约7000万年后，这对天体将更快地围绕对方运行，每18分钟做一次完整的循环。尽管人们不会看到它，但一旦激光干涉仪空间天线(LISA)在2030年代末的某个时候进入轨道，那么研究人员将能更详细地研究这个灾难性的变量。这一系列卫星将被用来探测引力波--这些恒星舞伴将产生引力波。

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Published on:06:17:34